Bengal, Bengali Bangla, historical region in the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, generally corresponding to the area inhabited by speakers of the Bengali language and now divided between the Indian state of West Bengal and the People’s Republic ofBangladesh. Bengal formed part of most of the early empires that controlled northern India.
From the 8th to the 12th century, Bengal was under the Buddhist Pala dynasty, based in what is now the neighbouring Bihar state. After about 1200 it was governed by semi-independent Muslim rulers, and from 1576 it belonged to the Mughal Empire. When Mughal power declined in the 18th century, a separate dynasty emerged in Bengal,
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